Linux is an open-source technology, which means that it was built by developers who freely distribute and modify the original source code. The program is an operating system, such as Windows or Apple OS for Macs. Linus Torvalds, a Finnish student, and developer, established it in 1991 with the goal of creating a free operating system kernel for personal computers. He was successful, and that kernel has continued to evolve through time, being updated, added to, and utilized by thousands of people all over the world.
UNIX, another widely known multi-user operating system, is closely modeled on Linux. It is the most widely used operating system on servers, supercomputers, and mainframe computers around the globe.
It’s less popular on desktop computers, although its use there has risen dramatically in recent years. The OS includes several common fundamental components, such as the GNU utilities. These apps enable users to manage kernel resources, install additional software, tweak performance and security settings, and more. The operating system is made up of all of these tools packed together. Because Linux is an open-source operating system, different Linux distributions may include different software combinations. The Linux Operating System is divided into three sections:
Kernel: The kernel is the foundation of Linux. It is in charge of the operating system’s fundamental functions.
It consists of a number of modules that interface directly with the hardware. The kernel provides the required abstraction for system or application programs to hide low-level hardware details. System Library: These are special functions or programs that are used to access Kernel functionality by application applications or system utilities. The majority of the operating system’s features are implemented using these libraries, which do not require access to kernel module code.
System Utility: These programs are in charge of performing specific duties at the individual level.
Due to its flexibility, open-source platform, portability, command-line interface, and interoperability with major hacking tools, Linux is the most preferred choice for hackers.
Linux just requires a tiny amount of hardware. In light of the increasing cost of resources, this is one of the most crucial qualities for many businesses. Because Linux is a fantastic free operating system, it is also crucial for startups. It also allows you to read and make modifications to the source code like an operating system. The Linux Way is a collection of ideas that guide the development of Linux. The Linux Way refers to the ideology that underpins the Unix operating system.
as we know keyboard is mightier than the mouse because there are many action that take place multiple mouse clicks but can be achieve with a single keyboard shortcut. Learning at least a handful of keyboard shortcuts can make you significantly more productive as a Linux user, so lets learn the shortcuts that are useful and also make your work productive,
Linux Shortcuts List
General Linux Shortcuts
| Ctrl + C | Copy any highlighted text, image, or some other object to the clipboard. |
| Ctrl + V | Paste copied text, image, or some other object from the clipboard. |
| Ctrl + X | Cut highlighted text, image, or some other object. |
| Ctrl + S | Save the currently opened file. |
| Ctrl + N | Create a new file. |
| Ctrl + Z | Undo the last action. |
| Ctrl + Q | Quit the application in focus. |
| Ctrl + Alt + F1 to F6 | Switch to a virtual console. |
| Ctrl + Alt + F7 | Switch to the first graphical terminal. |
GNOME Keyboard Shortcuts
| Super | Enter the Activities Overview. |
| Alt + Tab | Cycle between running applications. |
| Alt + Shift + Tab | Cycle between running applications in the opposite direction. |
| Alt + ` (grave accent) | Cycle between windows of the same application in Alt + Tab. |
| Alt + F1 | Open the Applications menu. |
| Alt + F2 | Open a floating command prompt. |
| PrtSc | Take a screenshot of the entire screen. |
| Alt + PrtSc | Take a screenshot of the window in focus. |
| Ctrl + Alt + Arrow keys | Switch between workspaces. |
| Ctrl + Alt + D | Minimize all windows to show desktop. |
KDE Keyboard Shortcuts
| Super | Open the Application Launcher. |
| Alt + Space | Bing up the Command Interface. |
| Ctrl + Esc | Open the System Activity utility. |
| Super + Alt + Arrow keys | Switch between windows. |
| Ctrl + F1 to F4 | Switch between virtual desktops. |
| Super + Tab | Cycle between running applications. |
| Super + Shift + Tab | Cycle between running applications in the opposite direction. |
| Ctrl + Alt + L | Lock the current session. |
| Ctrl + Alt + Shift + Del | Instantly log out without confirmation. |
| Ctrl + Alt + Shift + Page Up | Instantly reboot without confirmation. |
Xfce Keyboard Shortcuts
| Super + P | Open Xfce display settings. |
| Alt + F2 | Open a command prompt. |
| Ctrl + Alt + Arrow keys | Move between virtual desktops. |
| Alt + Tab | Cycle between running applications. |
| Alt + Shift + Tab | Cycle between running applications in the opposite direction. |
| Alt + F4 | Close the window in focus. |
| Alt + F10 | Maximize the window in focus. |
| Ctrl + Alt + D | Minimize all windows to show desktop. |
| Ctrl + Alt + Del | Lock the current session. |
| Ctrl + Esc | Display context menu. |
LXDE Keyboard Shortcuts
| Ctrl + Alt + T | Launch Terminal. |
| Shift + Alt + Arrow keys | Move the window in focus between virtual desktops. |
| Ctrl + Alt + Arrow keys | Move between virtual desktops. |
| Alt + Tab | Cycle between running applications. |
| Alt + Shift + Tab | Cycle between running applications in the opposite direction. |
| Alt + F4 | Close the window in focus. |
| Alt + Esc | Hide the window in focus. |
| Super + D | Minimize all windows to show desktop. |
| Super + E | Launch the default file browser. |
| F11 | Toggle Fullscreen. |
Cinnamon Keyboard Shortcuts (Linux Mint)
| Ctrl + Alt + Down | Show all currently running applications on the selected workspace. |
| Ctrl + Alt + Up | Show running applications across all workspaces. |
| Alt + Tab | Cycle between running applications. |
| Shift + Alt + Tab. | Cycle between running applications in the opposite direction. |
| Alt + F2 | Open a command prompt. |
| Alt + F4 | Close the window in focus. |
| Super + L | Open the Cinnamon Debugger. |
| Super + D | Minimize all windows to show desktop. |
| Ctrl + Super + Arrow keys | Span the window in focus to a border. |
| Shift + Ctrl + Alt + Left or Right Arrow | Move the window in focus to the workspace on the left or right. |
Bash Keyboard Shortcuts
| Ctrl + A | Go to the beginning of the selected line. |
| Ctrl + E | Go to the end of the selected line. |
| Ctrl + K | Cut the part of the selected line after the cursor and copy it to the clipboard. |
| Arrow Up | Previously used command. |
| Alt + B | Move the cursor back one word. |
| Alt + F | Move the cursor forward one word. |
| Ctrl + L | Clean the current screen. |
| Ctrl + J | Enter the Newline control character. |
| Ctrl + R | Search in your Bash history. |
| Ctrl + G | Exit the history searching mode. |
Ubuntu Keyboard Shortcuts
| Super | Open Activities. |
| Alt + F2 | Open a command prompt. |
| Alt + Tab | Cycle between running applications. |
| Super + Arrow keys | Snap the window in focus to a border. |
| PrtSc | Take a screenshot of the entire screen. |
| Alt + PrtSc | Take a screenshot of the window in focus. |
| Shift + PrtSc | Take a screenshot of a selected area on the screen. |
| Ctrl + Alt + T | Launch Terminal. |
| Super + L | Lock the current session. |
| Super + D | Minimize all windows to show desktop. |
Firefox Keyboard Shortcuts
| Backspace | Go back. |
| F5 or Ctrl + R | Reload the current page. |
| Ctrl + P | Print the current page. |
| Ctrl + S | Save the current page. |
| Ctrl + F | Find text on the current page. |
| Ctrl + K | Bring the search bar into focus. |
| Ctrl + W | Close the current tab. |
| Ctrl + N | Open a new tab. |
| Ctrl + Shift + P | Open a new private window. |
| Ctrl + Shift + Q | Exit Firefox. |
ChromeOS Keyboard Shortcuts (Chromebook)
| Ctrl + Shift + L | Lock the current session. |
| Ctrl + Shift + Q | Log out from the current session. |
| Alt + 1 to 8 | Launch an application from the taskbar. |
| Alt + [ or ] | Dock the window in focus to the left or right side of the screen. |
| Ctrl + F5 | Take a screenshot of the entire screen. |
| Ctrl + Shift + F5 | Take a screenshot of a selected area on the screen. |
| Shift + Alt + M | Open the Files app. |
| Shift + Alt + N | Display notifications. |
| Ctrl + Alt + | Display all keyboard shortcuts. |
| Shift + Esc | Open the Task Manager. |
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